{"wikiid":107435,"langid":"en","namespace":"CATEGORY","title":"Windows","revisionid":1028561,"contents_raw":"== Background Information ==\n\nThe Windows operating system originated with Windows 1, which was released in November of 1985. The operating system competed with Apple\u2019s operating system, but Windows 1 wasn\u2019t very popular. Windows 2 was more successful due to various improvements, including keyboard shortcuts, expanded memory, and overlapping windows instead of tiled windows. This last change actually caused Apple to file a suit against Microsoft for copyright infringement.\n\nMicrosoft then released Windows 3 in 1990 with virtual memory, protected mode, and improvements to the user interface. Many more upgrades have been made to the Windows operating system since these early days, resulting in the most current (as of 2023) Windows 11 operating system.\n\nWindows 11, which was released in 2021, aims to offer users seamless device integration. Windows 11 allows users to connect their Android phone to their PC, showing notifications, texts, and calls on the PC\u2019s desktop.\n\nMicrosoft offers separate operating systems for servers and mobile devices, including Windows Server, Windows Home Server, Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Windows Phone.\n\n=== Windows Operating Systems (as of March 2nd, 2023) ===\n\n* Windows 1\n* Windows 2\n* Windows 3\n* Windows 95\n* Windows 98\n* Windows ME\n* Windows NT\n* Windows 2000\n* Windows XP\n* Windows Vista\n* Windows 7\n* Windows 8\n* Windows 8.1\n* Windows 10\n* Windows 11\n\n== Additional Information ==\n\n* [link|https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Windows|Microsoft Windows (Wikipedia)]\n* [link|https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows|Explore Windows 10]\n* [link|https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows_10#:~:text=Windows%2010%20is%20a%20series,public%20on%20July%2029%2C%202015.|Windows 10 (Wikipedia)]\n* [link|https:\/\/www.windows11updat.com\/windows-11-concept\/#page-content|Windows 11 Information]\n* [link|https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/?r=1|Windows 11 (Microsoft.com)]","contents_json":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Background Information"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Windows operating system originated with Windows 1, which was released in November of 1985. The operating system competed with Apple\u2019s operating system, but Windows 1 wasn\u2019t very popular. Windows 2 was more successful due to various improvements, including keyboard shortcuts, expanded memory, and overlapping windows instead of tiled windows. This last change actually caused Apple to file a suit against Microsoft for copyright infringement."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Microsoft then released Windows 3 in 1990 with virtual memory, protected mode, and improvements to the user interface. Many more upgrades have been made to the Windows operating system since these early days, resulting in the most current (as of 2023) Windows 11 operating system."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 11, which was released in 2021, aims to offer users seamless device integration. Windows 11 allows users to connect their Android phone to their PC, showing notifications, texts, and calls on the PC\u2019s desktop."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Microsoft offers separate operating systems for servers and mobile devices, including Windows Server, Windows Home Server, Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Windows Phone."}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows Operating Systems (as of March 2nd, 2023)"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 1"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 2"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 3"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 95"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 98"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows ME"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows NT"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 2000"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows XP"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows Vista"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 7"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 8"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 8.1"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 10"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Windows 11"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Additional Information"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Windows","target":false}}],"text":"Microsoft Windows (Wikipedia)"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows","target":false}}],"text":"Explore Windows 10"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows_10#:~:text=Windows%2010%20is%20a%20series,public%20on%20July%2029%2C%202015.","target":false}}],"text":"Windows 10 (Wikipedia)"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.windows11updat.com\/windows-11-concept\/#page-content","target":false}}],"text":"Windows 11 Information"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/?r=1","target":false}}],"text":"Windows 11 (Microsoft.com)"}]}]}]}]},"contents_rendered":"<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Background_Information\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Background_Information\" class=\"header\">Background Information<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>The Windows operating system originated with Windows 1, which was released in November of 1985. The operating system competed with Apple\u2019s operating system, but Windows 1 wasn\u2019t very popular. Windows 2 was more successful due to various improvements, including keyboard shortcuts, expanded memory, and overlapping windows instead of tiled windows. This last change actually caused Apple to file a suit against Microsoft for copyright infringement.<\/p>\n\n<p>Microsoft then released Windows 3 in 1990 with virtual memory, protected mode, and improvements to the user interface. Many more upgrades have been made to the Windows operating system since these early days, resulting in the most current (as of 2023) Windows 11 operating system.<\/p>\n\n<p>Windows 11, which was released in 2021, aims to offer users seamless device integration. Windows 11 allows users to connect their Android phone to their PC, showing notifications, texts, and calls on the PC\u2019s desktop.<\/p>\n\n<p>Microsoft offers separate operating systems for servers and mobile devices, including Windows Server, Windows Home Server, Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Windows Phone.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Windows_Operating_Systems_as_of_March_2nd_Num_2023\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_Windows_Operating_Systems_as_of_March_2nd_Num_2023\" class=\"header\">Windows Operating Systems (as of March 2nd, 2023)<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li>Windows 1<\/li><li>Windows 2<\/li><li>Windows 3<\/li><li>Windows 95<\/li><li>Windows 98<\/li><li>Windows ME<\/li><li>Windows NT<\/li><li>Windows 2000<\/li><li>Windows XP<\/li><li>Windows Vista<\/li><li>Windows 7<\/li><li>Windows 8<\/li><li>Windows 8.1<\/li><li>Windows 10<\/li><li>Windows 11<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Additional_Information\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Additional_Information\" class=\"header\">Additional Information<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Windows\">Microsoft Windows (Wikipedia)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Explore Windows 10<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows_10#:~:text=Windows%2010%20is%20a%20series,public%20on%20July%2029%2C%202015.\">Windows 10 (Wikipedia)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.windows11updat.com\/windows-11-concept\/#page-content\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Windows 11 Information<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/?r=1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Windows 11 (Microsoft.com)<\/a><\/li><\/ul>","linked_wikis":[],"can_edit":true,"available_langids":["en","de","es","fr","it","jp","ko","nl","pt","ru","tr","zh"],"ancestors":[{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":15264,"langid":"en","title":"Software","display_title":"Software","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Machine-readable instructions that direct computer processors.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Software","text":"Machine-readable instructions that direct computer processors.","image":{"id":3092292,"guid":"NLm3fIb16JiHff4W","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.large","huge":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.huge","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/NLm3fIb16JiHff4W.full"},"modified_date":1777897474,"author":104104},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":9470,"langid":"en","title":"Skills","display_title":"Skills","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"There are so many things we could do if we only knew how. This area aims to catalog most specialized skills necessary to perform certain kinds of repairs.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Skills","text":"There are so many things we could do if we only knew how. This area aims to catalog most specialized skills necessary to perform certain kinds of repairs.","image":{"id":3083065,"guid":"6xnCqymZPROSN1fY","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.large","huge":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.huge","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6xnCqymZPROSN1fY.full"},"modified_date":1792695294,"author":273546},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":11000,"langid":"en","title":"Root","display_title":"Root","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Root","text":"Repair guides, manuals, and troubleshooting help for Root. 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