{"wikiid":50536,"langid":"en","namespace":"CATEGORY","title":"Linux","revisionid":1352333,"contents_raw":"[note|type=important]This Wiki is intended to hold general-purpose Linux content. While general-purpose content is located here, distro-specific content is in its corresponding Wiki.[\/note]\n\n== Background and Identification ==\n\nIn April 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish-American computer science student, started working on creating a new operating system kernel inspired by the UNIX-based operating system MINIX. This kernel would eventually become the heart of what we now know as Linux. Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel to the public to comp.os.minix, a newsgroup on Usenet that invites collaboration and contributions.\n\nAs of 2024, there are 600 individual distributions, with 500 distributions actively supported.\n\n{table\n|width=30%\n| [image|3418728|align=center]\n|--\n| Tux, the Linux mascot, was created in 1996 by Larry Ewing during a contest to design a logo for the Linux operating system. The inspiration came from Linus Torvalds, Linux\u2019s creator, who had a fondness for penguins, specifically one he encountered on a visit to the Canberra zoo.\n}\n\n== Beginner Friendly Distributions ==\n\n[wikilist|Beginner Distribution]\n\n== Key Milestones and Early Distributions ==\n\n[note]This section covers significant contributions to the general timeline of the development of the Linux kernel. A distribution family tree can be found, in the PDF attached to this page, and in the attribution found in the [[Topic:Linux#Section_Additional_Information|Additional Information Section]]. Credit given to Andreas Lundqvist, Donjan Rodic, Mohammed A. Mustafa, Muhammad Herdiansyah, and Fabio Loli[\/note]\n\n=== 1991 ===\n\n* ***The Creation of Linux:*** Linus Torvalds announces the creation of a new operating system kernel on a Usenet newsgroup.\n\n=== 1992 ===\n\n* ***The Birth of the GNU\/Linux System:*** Linux, combined with the GNU operating system utilities, creates a complete and free operating system known as GNU\/Linux.\n\n=== 1993 ===\n\n* ***Slackware - Simplicity and Foundations:*** Patrick Volkerding releases [[Topic:Slackware Linux|Slackware]], one of the earliest stable Linux distributions, prioritizing simplicity and adherence to UNIX principles.\n* ***Debian - Commitment to Free Software:*** [[Topic:Debian Linux|Debian]] is founded with a commitment to free software. It introduces APT (Advanced Package Tool) and the Debian package format, setting the stage for modern package management.\n\n=== 1994 ===\n\n* ***The First Stable Linux Kernel (1.0):*** The release of Linux Kernel 1.0 marks a significant milestone, signifying the stability and maturity of the project.\n* ***Red Hat Linux - Enterprise Focus Emerges:*** Bob Young and Marc Ewing found [[Topic:Red Hat|Red Hat Linux]], quickly gaining popularity. It evolves into the enterprise-focused Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), with the Fedora Project driving innovation.\n* ***SUSE Linux - European Pioneers:*** [[Topic:SUSE Linux|SUSE]], a German-based distribution, is crucial in popularizing Linux in Europe. It evolves into SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and [[Topic:OpenSUSE|openSUSE]].\n\n=== 1998 ===\n\n* ***The Open Source Movement:*** Linux adoption surges with the formation of the Open Source Initiative, promoting the principles of open-source software development.\n\n=== 2001 ===\n\n* ***The Rise of Enterprise Linux:*** With professional support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) solidify Linux's presence in the enterprise market.\n\n=== 2005 ===\n\n* ***Git - Revolutionizing Version Control:*** Linus Torvalds creates Git, a distributed version control system, greatly enhancing the development workflow for Linux and many other projects.\n\n=== 2011 ===\n\n* ***The 20th Anniversary of Linux:*** Linux celebrates its 20th anniversary, highlighting its longevity and continued relevance.\n\n=== 2015 ===\n\n* ***systemd - A Shift in Initialization:*** The adoption of systemd as the init system in many Linux distributions marks a significant change in system initialization and service management.\n\n=== 2018 ===\n\n* ***GitHub and Microsoft:*** Microsoft's acquisition of GitHub, a platform widely used for hosting open-source projects, reflects the changing landscape of corporate involvement in open-source.\n\n== Additional Information ==\n\n* [link|https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Linux|History of Linux Wikipedia Page]\n* [link|https:\/\/history-computer.com\/the-complete-history-of-linux-everything-you-need-to-know\/|The Comprehensive History of Linux]\n* [link|https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg|Linux Distribution Timeline Attribution]","contents_json":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[]},{"type":"note","attrs":{"type":"important"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"This Wiki is intended to hold general-purpose Linux content. While general-purpose content is located here, distro-specific content is in its corresponding Wiki."}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Background and Identification"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"In April 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish-American computer science student, started working on creating a new operating system kernel inspired by the UNIX-based operating system MINIX. This kernel would eventually become the heart of what we now know as Linux. Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel to the public to comp.os.minix, a newsgroup on Usenet that invites collaboration and contributions."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"As of 2024, there are 600 individual distributions, with 500 distributions actively supported."}]},{"type":"table","content":[{"type":"text","text":"{table"},{"type":"text","text":"\n|width=30%"},{"type":"text","text":"\n"},{"type":"text","text":"| "},{"type":"text","text":"[image|3418728|align=center]"},{"type":"text","text":"\n|--\n"},{"type":"text","text":"| "},{"type":"text","text":"Tux, the Linux mascot, was created in 1996 by Larry Ewing during a contest to design a logo for the Linux operating system. The inspiration came from Linus Torvalds, Linux\u2019s creator, who had a fondness for penguins, specifically one he encountered on a visit to the Canberra zoo."},{"type":"text","text":"\n}"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Beginner Friendly Distributions"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"[wikilist|Beginner Distribution]"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Key Milestones and Early Distributions"}]},{"type":"note","attrs":{"type":"note"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"This section covers significant contributions to the general timeline of the development of the Linux kernel. A distribution family tree can be found, in the PDF attached to this page, and in the attribution found in the "},{"type":"text","text":"Additional Information Section","marks":[{"type":"wikiLink","attrs":{"target":"Topic:Linux#Section_Additional_Information","tag":null,"newWindow":false,"href":"\/Topic\/Linux#Section_Additional_Information"}}]},{"type":"text","text":". Credit given to Andreas Lundqvist, Donjan Rodic, Mohammed A. Mustafa, Muhammad Herdiansyah, and Fabio Loli"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1991"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Creation of Linux:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Linus Torvalds announces the creation of a new operating system kernel on a Usenet newsgroup."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1992"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Birth of the GNU\/Linux System:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Linux, combined with the GNU operating system utilities, creates a complete and free operating system known as GNU\/Linux."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1993"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Slackware - Simplicity and Foundations:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Patrick Volkerding releases "},{"type":"text","text":"Slackware","marks":[{"type":"wikiLink","attrs":{"target":"Topic:Slackware Linux","tag":null,"newWindow":false,"href":"\/Topic\/Slackware_Linux"}}]},{"type":"text","text":", one of the earliest stable Linux distributions, prioritizing simplicity and adherence to UNIX principles."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Debian - Commitment to Free Software:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" "},{"type":"text","text":"Debian","marks":[{"type":"wikiLink","attrs":{"target":"Topic:Debian Linux","tag":null,"newWindow":false,"href":"\/Topic\/Debian_Linux"}}]},{"type":"text","text":" is founded with a commitment to free software. It introduces APT (Advanced Package Tool) and the Debian package format, setting the stage for modern package management."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1994"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The First Stable Linux Kernel (1.0):","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" The release of Linux Kernel 1.0 marks a significant milestone, signifying the stability and maturity of the project."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Red Hat Linux - Enterprise Focus Emerges:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Bob Young and Marc Ewing found "},{"type":"text","text":"Red Hat Linux","marks":[{"type":"wikiLink","attrs":{"target":"Topic:Red Hat","tag":null,"newWindow":false,"href":"\/Topic\/Red_Hat"}}]},{"type":"text","text":", quickly gaining popularity. It evolves into the enterprise-focused Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), with the Fedora Project driving innovation."}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"SUSE Linux - European Pioneers:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" "},{"type":"text","text":"SUSE","marks":[{"type":"wikiLink","attrs":{"target":"Topic:SUSE Linux","tag":null,"newWindow":false,"href":"\/Topic\/SUSE_Linux"}}]},{"type":"text","text":", a German-based distribution, is crucial in popularizing Linux in Europe. It evolves into SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and "},{"type":"text","text":"openSUSE","marks":[{"type":"wikiLink","attrs":{"target":"Topic:OpenSUSE","tag":null,"newWindow":false,"href":"\/Topic\/OpenSUSE"}}]},{"type":"text","text":"."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1998"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Open Source Movement:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Linux adoption surges with the formation of the Open Source Initiative, promoting the principles of open-source software development."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2001"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The Rise of Enterprise Linux:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" With professional support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) solidify Linux's presence in the enterprise market."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2005"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Git - Revolutionizing Version Control:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Linus Torvalds creates Git, a distributed version control system, greatly enhancing the development workflow for Linux and many other projects."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2011"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"The 20th Anniversary of Linux:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Linux celebrates its 20th anniversary, highlighting its longevity and continued relevance."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2015"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"systemd - A Shift in Initialization:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" The adoption of systemd as the init system in many Linux distributions marks a significant change in system initialization and service management."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2018"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"GitHub and Microsoft:","marks":[{"type":"bold"}]},{"type":"text","text":" Microsoft's acquisition of GitHub, a platform widely used for hosting open-source projects, reflects the changing landscape of corporate involvement in open-source."}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Additional Information"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Linux","target":false}}],"text":"History of Linux Wikipedia Page"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/history-computer.com\/the-complete-history-of-linux-everything-you-need-to-know\/","target":false}}],"text":"The Comprehensive History of Linux"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg","target":false}}],"text":"Linux Distribution Timeline Attribution"}]}]}]}]},"contents_rendered":"<div class=\"wiki-note\" data-note-type=\"important\"><div class=\"wiki-note-label\"><svg class=\"fill-current\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" overflow=\"visible\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" ><use href=\"\/_next\/charge\/icons\/v7\/duotone\/solid\/message-exclamation.svg?v=3#message-exclamation\" \/><\/svg>Important<\/div><div class=\"wiki-note-body\"><p>This Wiki is intended to hold general-purpose Linux content. While general-purpose content is located here, distro-specific content is in its corresponding Wiki.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Background_and_Identification\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Background_and_Identification\" class=\"header\">Background and Identification<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>In April 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish-American computer science student, started working on creating a new operating system kernel inspired by the UNIX-based operating system MINIX. This kernel would eventually become the heart of what we now know as Linux. Torvalds released the first version of the Linux kernel to the public to comp.os.minix, a newsgroup on Usenet that invites collaboration and contributions.<\/p>\n\n<p>As of 2024, there are 600 individual distributions, with 500 distributions actively supported.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"table-container\"><div class=\"table-overflow\"><table style=\"width:30%\" class=\"table table-bordered table-condensed\"><tr><td><div class=\"imageBox imageBox_center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/JYDNO5tTpOxvtkwA.huge\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"js-lightbox-image\" data-lightbox-src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/JYDNO5tTpOxvtkwA.huge\" onclick=\"if (!window.lightboxImageClicksBound &amp;&amp; !(event.metaKey || event.ctrlKey || event.shiftKey || event.altKey)) { window.open(&quot;https:\\\/\\\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\\\/igi\\\/JYDNO5tTpOxvtkwA.huge&quot;, '', 'width=1600,height=1200'); return false; }\"><img src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/JYDNO5tTpOxvtkwA.standard\" width=\"282\" height=\"211\" class=\"hasMenu\" alt=\"Image\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tux, the Linux mascot, was created in 1996 by Larry Ewing during a contest to design a logo for the Linux operating system. The inspiration came from Linus Torvalds, Linux\u2019s creator, who had a fondness for penguins, specifically one he encountered on a visit to the Canberra zoo.<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Beginner_Friendly_Distributions\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Beginner_Friendly_Distributions\" class=\"header\">Beginner Friendly Distributions<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"blurbList\">\n      <div class=\"grid\">\n                                                               <div class=\"blurbListCell blurbListCellFirst\">\n                  <a href=\"\/Device\/Chrome_OS\">\n                     <img src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/xPgnOvQL44HWVV2O.standard\" alt=\"Chrome OS\" width=\"179\" height=\"134\" >\n                     <h5 class=\"title\">Chrome OS<\/h5>\n                  <\/a>\n                                 <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"blurbListCell\">\n                  <a href=\"\/Device\/elementary_OS\">\n                     <img src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/c4XsMffsufXXHJcd.standard\" alt=\"elementary OS\" width=\"179\" height=\"134\" >\n                     <h5 class=\"title\">elementary OS<\/h5>\n                  <\/a>\n                                 <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"blurbListCell\">\n                  <a href=\"\/Device\/Linux_Mint\">\n                     <img src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/rYIRleeCadjlMWOK.standard\" alt=\"Linux Mint\" width=\"179\" height=\"134\" >\n                     <h5 class=\"title\">Linux Mint<\/h5>\n                  <\/a>\n                                 <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"blurbListCell\">\n                  <a href=\"\/Device\/Manjaro\">\n                     <img src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/mTXdQE3UXFqcjMmu.standard\" alt=\"Manjaro\" width=\"179\" height=\"134\" >\n                     <h5 class=\"title\">Manjaro<\/h5>\n                  <\/a>\n                                 <\/div>\n                                                            <div class=\"blurbListCell\">\n                  <a href=\"\/Device\/Ubuntu_Linux\">\n                     <img src=\"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/6CCCikjDTgs4gorC.standard\" alt=\"Ubuntu\" width=\"179\" height=\"134\" >\n                     <h5 class=\"title\">Ubuntu<\/h5>\n                  <\/a>\n                                 <\/div>\n                              <\/div>\n   <div class=\"clearer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Key_Milestones_and_Early_Distributions\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Key_Milestones_and_Early_Distributions\" class=\"header\">Key Milestones and Early Distributions<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wiki-note\" data-note-type=\"note\"><div class=\"wiki-note-label\"><svg class=\"fill-current\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" overflow=\"visible\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" ><use href=\"\/_next\/charge\/icons\/v7\/duotone\/solid\/circle-info.svg?v=3#circle-info\" \/><\/svg>Note<\/div><div class=\"wiki-note-body\"><p>This section covers significant contributions to the general timeline of the development of the Linux kernel. A distribution family tree can be found, in the PDF attached to this page, and in the attribution found in the <a href=\"\/Topic\/Linux#Section_Additional_Information\">Additional Information Section<\/a>. Credit given to Andreas Lundqvist, Donjan Rodic, Mohammed A. Mustafa, Muhammad Herdiansyah, and Fabio Loli<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_1991\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_1991\" class=\"header\">1991<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>The Creation of Linux:<\/strong> Linus Torvalds announces the creation of a new operating system kernel on a Usenet newsgroup.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_1992\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_1992\" class=\"header\">1992<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>The Birth of the GNU\/Linux System:<\/strong> Linux, combined with the GNU operating system utilities, creates a complete and free operating system known as GNU\/Linux.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_1993\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_1993\" class=\"header\">1993<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>Slackware - Simplicity and Foundations:<\/strong> Patrick Volkerding releases <a href=\"\/Topic\/Slackware_Linux\">Slackware<\/a>, one of the earliest stable Linux distributions, prioritizing simplicity and adherence to UNIX principles.<\/li><li><strong>Debian - Commitment to Free Software:<\/strong> <a href=\"\/Topic\/Debian_Linux\">Debian<\/a> is founded with a commitment to free software. It introduces APT (Advanced Package Tool) and the Debian package format, setting the stage for modern package management.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_1994\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_1994\" class=\"header\">1994<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>The First Stable Linux Kernel (1.0):<\/strong> The release of Linux Kernel 1.0 marks a significant milestone, signifying the stability and maturity of the project.<\/li><li><strong>Red Hat Linux - Enterprise Focus Emerges:<\/strong> Bob Young and Marc Ewing found <a href=\"\/Topic\/Red_Hat\">Red Hat Linux<\/a>, quickly gaining popularity. It evolves into the enterprise-focused Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), with the Fedora Project driving innovation.<\/li><li><strong>SUSE Linux - European Pioneers:<\/strong> <a href=\"\/Topic\/SUSE_Linux\">SUSE<\/a>, a German-based distribution, is crucial in popularizing Linux in Europe. It evolves into SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) and <a href=\"\/Topic\/OpenSUSE\">openSUSE<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_1998\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_1998\" class=\"header\">1998<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>The Open Source Movement:<\/strong> Linux adoption surges with the formation of the Open Source Initiative, promoting the principles of open-source software development.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_2001\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_2001\" class=\"header\">2001<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>The Rise of Enterprise Linux:<\/strong> With professional support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) solidify Linux's presence in the enterprise market.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_2005\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_2005\" class=\"header\">2005<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>Git - Revolutionizing Version Control:<\/strong> Linus Torvalds creates Git, a distributed version control system, greatly enhancing the development workflow for Linux and many other projects.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_2011\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h3 id=\"Section_2011\" class=\"header\">2011<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><strong>The 20th Anniversary of Linux:<\/strong> Linux celebrates its 20th anniversary, highlighting its longevity and continued relevance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_2015\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! 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It is primarily utilized on embedded devices to manage and route network traffic.","image":{"id":3474666,"guid":"PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.large","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/PIFpF6IhtkodG2Tk.full"},"modified_date":1731605779,"author":4040552},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":615237,"langid":"en","title":"OviOS Linux","display_title":"OviOS Linux","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"OviOS Linux is a linux distribution designed to provide small or medium organizations with an accessible and effective unified cloud storage solution.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/OviOS_Linux","text":"OviOS Linux is a linux distribution designed to provide small or medium organizations with an accessible and effective unified cloud storage solution.","image":{"id":3496793,"guid":"d12yy3fELqesOe4N","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.large","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/d12yy3fELqesOe4N.full"},"modified_date":1733183559,"author":4040552},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":615341,"langid":"en","title":"Pisi Linux","display_title":"Pisi Linux","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Pisi Linux is an indipendent Linux distribution inspired by Pardus Linux with its unique PiSi package management system. It's an operating system for desktop computer with software for listening to music, browsing the Internet and creating documents.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Pisi_Linux","text":"Pisi Linux is an indipendent Linux distribution inspired by Pardus Linux with its unique PiSi package management system. It's an operating system for desktop computer with software for listening to music, browsing the Internet and creating documents.","image":{"id":3503226,"guid":"611iHWpuCOnjAVyE","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.large","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/611iHWpuCOnjAVyE.full"},"modified_date":1733518925,"author":4040552},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":575541,"langid":"en","title":"Puppy Linux","display_title":"Puppy Linux","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Puppy Linux is set of light weight linux distributions that primarly focus on ease of use, and minimal memory requirements.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Puppy_Linux","text":"Puppy Linux is set of light weight linux distributions that primarly focus on ease of use, and minimal memory requirements.","image":{"id":3432419,"guid":"fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.large","huge":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.huge","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/fgXMkMUvbZQ5jTqK.full"},"modified_date":1727715763,"author":4040552},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":614324,"langid":"en","title":"RancherOS","display_title":"RancherOS","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"RancherOS is a lightweight Linux operating system designed to run Docker in production. It uses Docker to manage all system services, including udev and syslog, resulting in a smaller and more secure system.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/RancherOS","text":"RancherOS is a lightweight Linux operating system designed to run Docker in production. It uses Docker to manage all system services, including udev and syslog, resulting in a smaller and more secure system.","image":{"id":3475938,"guid":"isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.large","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/isiFqZUrXuwjGaDo.full"},"modified_date":1731605774,"author":4040552},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":563748,"langid":"en","title":"Red Hat","display_title":"Red Hat","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Red Hat Linux was one of the pioneering commercial Linux distributions. It was succeeded by Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), which is tailored for enterprise environments, offering robust support and stability.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Red_Hat","text":"Red Hat Linux was one of the pioneering commercial Linux distributions. 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It was discontinued.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Syllable","text":"Syllable, also known as Syllable Desktop, was a lightweight operating system designed for hobbyists using Pentium processors. It was discontinued.","image":{"id":3509871,"guid":"cqmSqJplLmEKprJY","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.large","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/cqmSqJplLmEKprJY.full"},"modified_date":1734378488,"author":4040552},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":564405,"langid":"en","title":"Tinfoil Hat Linux","display_title":"Tinfoil Hat Linux","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Tinfoil Hat Linux was a highly secure, minimalistic Linux distribution designed for users who prioritize extreme security and privacy. 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