{"wikiid":1138,"langid":"en","namespace":"CATEGORY","title":"Hard Drive","revisionid":2526636,"contents_raw":"== Background and Identification ==\n\nA hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and recall digital data using rapidly rotating plates coated with magnetic material. The plates are paired with magnetic hears that are usually arranged on a moving actuator arm and are designed to read and write data to the plate surfaces. Stored data is accessed in a random-accessed manner, meaning that blocks of data can be stored and recalled in any order. Hard drives retain stored data even when powered off, making them a type of non-volatile storage.\n\nHard drives were introduced by IBM in 1956 as the dominant secondary storage device for computers. Hard drives became the main storage devices for servers and personal computers, as well, though personal computers produced en masse, like tablets and cell phones, rely on flash products. Historically, over 224 companies have produced hard drives.\n\nSolid-state drives (SSDs) are also used for data storage but feature higher data-transfer rates, better reliability, higher areal storage, and lower latency and access times.\n\nHard drives are often characterized by capacity and performance. Capacity is generally specified with unit prefixes corresponding to powers of 1,000. For instance, a 1-terabyte (TB) hard drive has a capacity of 1,000 gigabytes (GB, where 1 gigabyte is equal to 1 billion bytes). Performance is specified by the time required to move the device\u2019s heads to a track, or the average access time, and the data transmission rate.\n\n== Additional Links ==\n\n* [link|http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_disk_drive|Wikipedia: Hard Drives]\n* [link|https:\/\/www.westerndigital.com\/products\/hdd|Western Digital Hard Drives]\n* [link|http:\/\/www.newegg.com\/store\/category.aspx?category=15&name=hard-drives|Newegg.com: Hard Drive store]\n\n[document|37948]","contents_json":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Background and Identification"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and recall digital data using rapidly rotating plates coated with magnetic material. The plates are paired with magnetic hears that are usually arranged on a moving actuator arm and are designed to read and write data to the plate surfaces. Stored data is accessed in a random-accessed manner, meaning that blocks of data can be stored and recalled in any order. Hard drives retain stored data even when powered off, making them a type of non-volatile storage."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hard drives were introduced by IBM in 1956 as the dominant secondary storage device for computers. Hard drives became the main storage devices for servers and personal computers, as well, though personal computers produced en masse, like tablets and cell phones, rely on flash products. Historically, over 224 companies have produced hard drives."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Solid-state drives (SSDs) are also used for data storage but feature higher data-transfer rates, better reliability, higher areal storage, and lower latency and access times."}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hard drives are often characterized by capacity and performance. Capacity is generally specified with unit prefixes corresponding to powers of 1,000. For instance, a 1-terabyte (TB) hard drive has a capacity of 1,000 gigabytes (GB, where 1 gigabyte is equal to 1 billion bytes). Performance is specified by the time required to move the device\u2019s heads to a track, or the average access time, and the data transmission rate."}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Additional Links"}]},{"type":"bulletList","attrs":[],"content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_disk_drive","target":false}}],"text":"Wikipedia: Hard Drives"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.westerndigital.com\/products\/hdd","target":false}}],"text":"Western Digital Hard Drives"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.newegg.com\/store\/category.aspx?category=15&name=hard-drives","target":false}}],"text":"Newegg.com: Hard Drive store"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"text","text":"Hard Drive Replacement 67-2068 Rev C","marks":[{"type":"siteLink","attrs":{"kind":"document","id":"37948","options":"","defaultText":"Hard Drive Replacement 67-2068 Rev C","newWindow":false,"href":"\/Document\/TdQGQC5ShTPSAFCI\/Omnicell__Hard_Drive_Replacement_67-2068_Rev_C.pdf.pdf"}}]}]}]},"contents_rendered":"<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Background_and_Identification\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Background_and_Identification\" class=\"header\">Background and Identification<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p>A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and recall digital data using rapidly rotating plates coated with magnetic material. The plates are paired with magnetic hears that are usually arranged on a moving actuator arm and are designed to read and write data to the plate surfaces. Stored data is accessed in a random-accessed manner, meaning that blocks of data can be stored and recalled in any order. Hard drives retain stored data even when powered off, making them a type of non-volatile storage.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hard drives were introduced by IBM in 1956 as the dominant secondary storage device for computers. Hard drives became the main storage devices for servers and personal computers, as well, though personal computers produced en masse, like tablets and cell phones, rely on flash products. Historically, over 224 companies have produced hard drives.<\/p>\n\n<p>Solid-state drives (SSDs) are also used for data storage but feature higher data-transfer rates, better reliability, higher areal storage, and lower latency and access times.<\/p>\n\n<p>Hard drives are often characterized by capacity and performance. Capacity is generally specified with unit prefixes corresponding to powers of 1,000. For instance, a 1-terabyte (TB) hard drive has a capacity of 1,000 gigabytes (GB, where 1 gigabyte is equal to 1 billion bytes). Performance is specified by the time required to move the device\u2019s heads to a track, or the average access time, and the data transmission rate.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"clearer\"><\/div><div class=\"headerContainer\"><a class=\"selfLink\" href=\"#Section_Additional_Links\" title=\"Link to this section\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M427.5 88c-21.4 0-42.2 6.9-59.3 19.4-11.4-11.7-24.4-22.1-38.4-30.7 27-23.6 61.7-36.7 97.7-36.7 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 39.4-15.6 77.1-43.5 105l-79.1 79.1c-27.8 27.8-65.6 43.5-105 43.5-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-17.9 3.2-35.5 9.4-51.9 4.6-12.4 18.5-18.7 30.9-14.1S259 220 254.4 232.4c-4.2 11.1-6.4 23-6.4 35.2 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 26.6 0 52.2-10.6 71-29.4l79.1-79.1C517.4 240.6 528 215.1 528 188.5 528 133 483 88 427.5 88zm-200 56c-26.6 0-52.2 10.6-71 29.4L77.4 252.5c-18.8 18.8-29.4 44.4-29.4 71 0 55.5 45 100.5 100.5 100.5 21.4 0 42.2-6.9 59.3-19.4 11.4 11.8 24.4 22.1 38.4 30.7-27 23.6-61.7 36.7-97.7 36.7-82 0-148.5-66.5-148.5-148.5 0-39.4 15.6-77.1 43.5-105l79.1-79.1c27.8-27.8 65.6-43.5 105-43.5 82 0 148.5 66.5 148.5 148.5 0 17.9-3.2 35.5-9.4 51.9-4.6 12.4-18.5 18.7-30.9 14.1S317 292 321.6 279.6c4.2-11.1 6.4-23 6.4-35.1 0-55.5-45-100.5-100.5-100.5z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><h2 id=\"Section_Additional_Links\" class=\"header\">Additional Links<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul><li><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_disk_drive\">Wikipedia: Hard Drives<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.westerndigital.com\/products\/hdd\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Western Digital Hard Drives<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.newegg.com\/store\/category.aspx?category=15&amp;name=hard-drives\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Newegg.com: Hard Drive store<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p><a href=\"\/Document\/TdQGQC5ShTPSAFCI\/Omnicell__Hard_Drive_Replacement_67-2068_Rev_C.pdf.pdf\" class=\"docLink\"><span    class=\"fa-svg-icon docLink-icon\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" overflow=\"visible\"><!--! Font Awesome Pro 7.3.1 by @fontawesome - https:\/\/fontawesome.com License - https:\/\/fontawesome.com\/license (Commercial License) Copyright 2026 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d=\"M64 48l112 0 0 88c0 39.8 32.2 72 72 72l88 0 0 240c0 8.8-7.2 16-16 16L64 464c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L48 64c0-8.8 7.2-16 16-16zM224 67.9l92.1 92.1-68.1 0c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24l0-68.1zM64 0C28.7 0 0 28.7 0 64L0 448c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64l256 0c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64l0-261.5c0-17-6.7-33.3-18.7-45.3L242.7 18.7C230.7 6.7 214.5 0 197.5 0L64 0zm56 256c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l144 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-144 0zm0 96c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24s10.7 24 24 24l144 0c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24s-10.7-24-24-24l-144 0z\"\/><\/svg><\/span>Hard Drive Replacement 67-2068 Rev C<\/a><\/p>","linked_wikis":[],"can_edit":true,"available_langids":["en","de","es","fr","it","jp","ko","nl","pt","ru","tr","zh"],"ancestors":[{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":14980,"langid":"en","title":"Storage","display_title":"Storage","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Repair guides for different types of storage devices, ranging from internal hard drives to network attached drives.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Storage","text":"Repair guides for different types of storage devices, ranging from internal hard drives to network attached drives.","image":{"id":3092338,"guid":"SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.large","huge":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.huge","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/SvFFPyxbELjOhWSV.full"},"modified_date":1704826163,"author":18},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":1417,"langid":"en","title":"Computer Hardware","display_title":"Computer Hardware","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"Repair guides for computer components, peripherals, and accessories.","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Computer_Hardware","text":"Repair guides for computer components, peripherals, and accessories.","image":{"id":3076703,"guid":"QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA","mini":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.mini","thumbnail":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.thumbnail","140x105":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.140x105","200x150":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.200x150","standard":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.standard","440x330":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.440x330","medium":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.medium","large":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.large","huge":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.huge","original":"https:\/\/guide-images.cdn.ifixit.com\/igi\/QDWYeD6JShBQeNxA.full"},"modified_date":1792694761,"author":225663},{"dataType":"wiki","wikiid":11000,"langid":"en","title":"Root","display_title":"Root","namespace":"CATEGORY","summary":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ifixit.com\/Device\/Root","text":"Repair guides, manuals, and troubleshooting help for Root. Get everything you need to repair your Root 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