Why can't my phone charger work after water damage?

My phone cable port was wet, and I charged it using my cable.

Eventually, my phone's port was fix and I can charge it with another Samsung cable.

However, my old Samsung cable which is not damaged ended up not being able to charge any phones but still manage to charge simple things like Power-Bank.

Anyone have any idea how to fix this?

Thank you for your help or advice :)