There's a few things that could have gone wrong here:
1 - Forgot to re-attach one of the cables or put in on incorrectly
2 - Damaged one of the cables (pinched it)
3 - Damaged the socket on the logic board and/or blow the fuse by mis-inserting the cable.
Did you follow the iFixit guide carefully? Did you use proper ESD protection? Did you have any trouble in the process of taking out or installing the display unit?
Diagnostic LEDs
The iMac has built-in diagnostic LEDs on the main logic board that can help you to located near the RAM access panel
LED #1
Indicates the trickle voltage from the power supply has been detected by the logic board. This LED will remain ON whenever the iMac is connected to a working AC power source. The LED will remain on even when the computer has been shut down or put to sleep. The LED will turn off only if the AC power source is disconnected or the power supply is faulty.
LED #2
Indicates the main logic board has detected proper power from the power supply when the computer is turned on. This LED will be ON when the computer is turned on and the power supply is working correctly.
LED #3
Note: This LED is not used on systems that have integrated graphics, which includes all configurations of the iMac (20-inch, Early/Mid 2009).
LED #4
Indicates the computer and the LCD display panel are communicating. This LED will be ON when the computer is turned on and video signal is being generated. If the LED is ON and there is no image on the LCD display panel, the LCD display panel or inverter might be installed incorrectly or need replacement.
Here is what Apple suggest:
" 1. Verify boot chime present and fans running when system powered ON. (Reset SMC and clear PRAM if necessary for proper boot up.)
Yes Power ON self test OK. Boot sequence started.
Go to step 2.
No Go to Won’t Start Up.
2. Verify whether image is visible on LCD panel.
Yes Video present. Verify system functionality and return to user or jump to appropriate troubleshooting flow.
No Go to step 3.
3. Connect supported external display. Verify whether image appears on external display when system is booted.
Yes External display detected by system. Video circuitry on logic board functional. Go to Backlight Issue/No Backlight
No Go to step 4.
4. Remove glass panel and front bezel. Do all three diagnostic LED’s turn ON shortly after the system is powered ON?
Yes Internal video circuitry functional and communicating with LCD panel. Go to Backlight Issue/No Backlight.
No Replace logic board. Retest.